Tissue ablation system with internal and external radiation sources

ABSTRACT

A microwave ablation system includes an energy source adapted to generate microwave energy and a plurality of energy delivery devices having a first energy delivery device configured to be inserted into tissue and to generate a non-directional ablation volume and a second energy delivery device configured to be positioned relative to the tissue and to generate a directional ablation volume. The system also includes a power dividing device having an input adapted to connect to the energy source and a plurality of outputs configured to be coupled to the plurality of energy delivery devices. The power dividing device is configured to selectively divide energy provided from the energy source between the plurality of energy delivery devices.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/889,989, filed on May 8, 2013, which is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/713,641, filed on Feb. 26, 2010 (now abandoned), the entire contents of each of which are incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to apparatus and methods for providing energy to tissue and, more particularly, to devices and electromagnetic radiation delivery procedures utilizing ablation probes and methods of controlling the delivery of electromagnetic radiation to tissue.

2. Discussion of Related Art

Treatment of certain diseases requires destruction of malignant tumors. Electromagnetic radiation can be used to heat and destroy tumor cells. Treatment may involve inserting ablation probes into tissues where cancerous tumors have been identified. Once the probes are positioned, electromagnetic energy is passed through the probes into surrounding tissue.

In the treatment of diseases such as cancer, certain types of cancer cells have been found to denature at elevated temperatures that are slightly lower than temperatures normally injurious to healthy cells. Known treatment methods, such as hyperthermia therapy, use electromagnetic radiation to heat diseased cells to temperatures above 41° C. while maintaining adjacent healthy cells below the temperature at which irreversible cell destruction occurs. These methods involve applying electromagnetic radiation to heat, ablate and/or coagulate tissue. Microwave energy is sometimes utilized to perform these methods. Other procedures utilizing electromagnetic radiation to heat tissue also include coagulation, cutting and/or ablation of tissue.

Electrosurgical devices utilizing electromagnetic radiation have been developed for a variety of uses and applications. A number of devices are available that can be used to provide high bursts of energy for short periods of time to achieve cutting and coagulative effects on various tissues. There are a number of different types of apparatus that can be used to perform ablation procedures. Typically, microwave apparatus for use in ablation procedures include a microwave generator, which functions as an energy source, and a microwave surgical instrument having an antenna assembly for directing the energy to the target tissue. The microwave generator and surgical instrument are typically operatively coupled by a cable assembly having a plurality of conductors for transmitting microwave energy from the generator to the instrument, and for communicating control, feedback and identification signals between the instrument and the generator.

Microwave energy is typically applied via antenna assemblies that can penetrate tissue. Several types of antenna assemblies are known, such as monopole and dipole antenna assemblies. In monopole and dipole antenna assemblies, microwave energy generally radiates perpendicularly away from the axis of the conductor. A monopole antenna assembly includes a single, elongated conductor that transmits microwave energy. A typical dipole antenna assembly has two elongated conductors, which are linearly aligned and positioned end-to-end relative to one another with an electrical insulator placed therebetween. Each conductor may be about ¼ of the length of a wavelength of the microwave energy, making the aggregate length of the two conductors about ½ of the wavelength of the supplied microwave energy.

SUMMARY

According to one embodiment of the present disclosure a microwave ablation system is disclosed. The microwave ablation system includes an energy source adapted to generate microwave energy and a plurality of energy delivery devices having a first energy delivery device configured to be inserted into tissue and to generate a non-directional ablation volume and a second energy delivery device configured to be positioned relative to the tissue and to generate a directional ablation volume. The system also includes a power dividing device having an input adapted to connect to the energy source and a plurality of outputs configured to be coupled to the plurality of energy delivery devices. The power dividing device is configured to selectively divide energy provided from the energy source between the plurality of energy delivery devices.

According to another embodiment of the present disclosure a microwave ablation system is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of energy sources adapted to generate microwave energy and a plurality of energy delivery devices each of which is coupled to a corresponding one of the plurality of energy sources. The plurality of energy delivery devices includes a first energy delivery device configured to be inserted into tissue and to generate a non-directional ablation volume and a second energy delivery device configured to be positioned relative to the tissue and to generate a directional ablation volume.

A method for providing energy to a target tissue is also contemplated by the present disclosure. The method includes the steps of coupling a plurality of energy delivery devices including a non-directional energy delivery device and a directional energy delivery device to a power dividing device having an input adapted to connect to an energy source. The method also includes the steps of inserting the non-directional energy delivery device into a portion of the target tissue and positioning the directional energy device at a surface of the target tissue. The method further includes the steps of selectively dividing energy on a plurality of channels to the plurality of the energy delivery devices and applying energy from the plurality of energy delivery devices to the target tissue.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGS. 1A-1B is a schematic diagram of an electrosurgical system for treating tissue, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIGS. 2A-2B are cross-sectional views of a feedline according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a perspective, cross-sectional view of a microwave antenna assembly according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 is a perspective, cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a microwave antenna assembly according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 perspective, cross-sectional view of further embodiment of a microwave antenna assembly according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of multiple microwave antenna disposed in tissue assemblies according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of multiple microwave antenna disposed in tissue assemblies according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of multiple microwave antenna disposed in tissue assemblies according to the present disclosure; and

FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a method for treating tissue, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the presently disclosed tissue ablation systems are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals may refer to similar or identical elements throughout the description of the figures. As used herein, the term “microwave” generally refers to electromagnetic waves in the frequency range of 300 megahertz (MHz) (3×108 cycles/second) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) (3×1011 cycles/second). As used herein, the phrase “transmission line” generally refers to any transmission medium that can be used for the propagation of signals from one point to another. Examples of suitable transmission lines include coaxial cables, waveguides, and combinations thereof.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide electrosurgical systems for treating tissue and methods of controlling the delivery of electromagnetic radiation to tissue. Embodiments may be implemented using electromagnetic radiation at microwave frequencies or at other frequencies. Electrosurgical systems for treating tissue, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, deliver microwave power to a plurality of electrosurgical devices. Electrosurgical devices, such as ablation probes, for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure may be inserted directly into tissue, inserted through a lumen, such as a vein, needle or catheter, placed into the body during surgery by a clinician, or positioned in or on the body by other suitable methods known in the art.

FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of an electrosurgical system 100 for treating tissue, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 1A, the electrosurgical system 100 includes an electrosurgical generator 120 for generating an output signal, a power divider 150 coupled to the electrosurgical generator 120, and a plurality of microwave antenna assemblies (e.g., microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b) coupled to the power divider 150. The power divider 150 is coupled to a transmission line 107 that electrically connects the power divider 150 to an output 124 on the electrosurgical generator 120. The microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b are coupled to transmission lines 104 a and 104 b that electrically connect the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b to the power divider 150, respectively.

The transmission lines 104 a and 104 b may be coaxial and may include an inner conductor surrounded by an inner insulator, which is, in turn, surrounded by an outer conductor (e.g., a cylindrical conducting sheath). In one embodiment, the transmission lines 104 a and 104 b may be formed from a coaxial, semi-rigid or flexible cable having a wire with a 0.047″ outer diameter rated for 50 Ohms.

Each of the antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b includes feedlines 103 a and 103 b, respectively. In one embodiment, as seen in FIGS. 2A-2B, feedline 103 (e.g., feedlines 103 a and 103 b) may be a coaxial cable composed of an inner conductor 102, an outer conductor 105, and an inner insulator 106 interposed between inner and outer conductors 102, 105 to electrically separate and/or isolate inner and outer conductors 102, 105 from one another. Inner and outer conductors 102, 105 may each be made of a suitable conductive material that may be semi-rigid or flexible, while inner insulator 106 may include any number of suitable non-conductive materials such as ceramic and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Inner and outer conductors 102, 105 of feedline 103 may incorporate any suitable conductive material or metal, including, but not limited to, silver, copper and gold. In certain embodiments, inner and outer conductors 102, 105 of feedline 103 may include a conductive or non-conductive substrate plated or coated with a suitable conductive material. The inner conductor 102 and outer conductor 105 may be constructed of copper, gold, stainless steel or other conductive metals with similar conductivity values.

The electrosurgical generator 120 may include other input or output devices such as knobs, dials, switches, buttons, graphical user interfaces, displays, and the like for control, indication and/or operation. The electrosurgical generator 120 may be capable of generating a plurality of output signals of various frequencies that are input to the power divider 150. In one embodiment, the electrosurgical generator 120 generates a plurality of microwave signals at substantially the same frequency. The electrosurgical generator 120 may include a control unit (not shown) that controls operations of the electrosurgical generator 120, such as time of operation, power output and/or the mode of electrosurgical operation, which may have been selected by the clinician.

The generator 120 includes a microwave signal source 210 that provides a microwave frequency output signal to a microwave amplifier unit 220. The microwave signal source 210 is capable of generating a plurality of output signals of various frequencies that are input to the microwave amplifier unit 220. The microwave amplifier unit 220 may have any suitable input power and output power. In an embodiment, the generator 120 is implemented with operating frequencies in the range of about 300 MHz to about 5 GHz, which may be useful in performing ablation procedures and/or other procedures. It is to be understood that the generator 120 may be implemented with any appropriate range of operating frequencies.

The electrosurgical system 100 may include a footswitch (not shown) coupled to the electrosurgical generator 120. When actuated, the footswitch causes the electrosurgical generator 120 to generate microwave energy. The microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b may include knobs, dials, switches, buttons or the like (not shown) to communicate to the electrosurgical generator 120 to adjust or select from a number of configuration options for delivering energy. Utilizing knobs, dials, switches or buttons on the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b and/or a footswitch enables the clinician to activate the electrosurgical generator 120 to energize the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b while remaining near a patient regardless of the location of the electrosurgical generator 120.

Although not shown as such in FIG. 1A, electrosurgical system 100 may include a plurality of channels defined by a plurality of electrosurgical devices and a plurality of transmission lines that electrically connect the electrosurgical devices to the power divider 150. In an embodiment, the power divider 150 is capable of monitoring the phase of each channel and adjusting the phase of the signal in each channel with respect to the other channel(s) to a predetermined phase relationship. The power divider 150 provides a plurality of signals to the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b in a set of phase relationships between the signals. Although the power divider 150 is illustrated as a standalone module in FIG. 1A, it is to be understood that the power divider 150 may be integrated fully or partially into the electrosurgical generator 120, the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b, and/or other devices.

In another embodiment, the power divider 150 may be a power splitter configured to split an input signal from the electrosurgical generator 120 into two or more equal phase output signals, such as a Wilkinson power splitter. The power divider 150 may be implemented by any suitable power divider that provides equal or unequal power split at the output ports of the microwave power divider 150 while substantially maintaining phase and amplitude balance. For example, the microwave power divider 150 may be implemented using a 2-way power divider that provides equal or unequal power split at its output ports while maintaining a phase balance of less than ±45 degrees. Various embodiments of the power divider 150 are described in a commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 9,095,359 entitled “Tissue Ablation System With Energy Distribution,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 1B shows another embodiment of an electrosurgical system 101 for treating tissue. Referring to FIG. 1B, the electrosurgical system 101 includes a plurality of electrosurgical generators (e.g., electrosurgical generators 120 a and 120 b) for generating an output signal, and a plurality of microwave antenna assemblies (e.g., microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b). The microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b are coupled to transmission lines 104 a and 104 b that electrically connect the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b to outputs 124 a and 124 b of the electrosurgical generators 120 a and 120 b, respectively.

The electrosurgical generators 120 a and 120 b are substantially similar to the electrosurgical generator 120 of the system 100. Each of the generators 120 a and 120 b includes microwave signal sources 210 a and 210 b for providing a microwave frequency output signal to microwave amplifier units 220 a and 220 b, respectively. The system 101 pairs each of the electrosurgical generators 120 a and 120 b with each of the corresponding microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b, thereby obviating the need for the power divider 150 of the system 100. Each of the generators 120 a and 120 b may be configured to equal or unequal power while substantially maintaining phase and amplitude balance therebetween.

In some embodiments, one of the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b may be a microwave antenna configured to allow direct insertion or penetration into tissue. The microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b may be axially rigid to allow for tissue penetration either directly into tissue or inserted through a lumen, such as, for example, a vein, needle or catheter, or otherwise positioned in the body by other suitable methods as shown in FIG. 5.

In another embodiment, one of the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b may be a so-called “window” microwave antenna suitable for directing microwave energy in a predetermined direction as shown in FIG. 3. In a further embodiment, one of the microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b may be a surface microwave waveguide for directing microwave energy through the tissue surface as shown in FIG. 4.

Although the electrosurgical systems 100 and 101 illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B include two microwave antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b, it is to be understood that any “N” number of antenna assemblies may be utilized. The microwave power divider 150 may be implemented by any suitable power divider that divides or splits a microwave input signal into “N” number of output signals of equal or unequal power. By controlling the phase of ablation probes with respect to each other, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a desired effect on tissue between the probes is produced. In a resection procedure where a long thin ablation line may be desired, probes that are 180 degrees out of phase with respect to each other produce a desired effect on tissue. In ablation procedures using in-phase probes, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there may be a reduction in energy that might otherwise move between the antenna shafts toward the surface with out-of-phase probes. Otherwise, the generators 120 a and 120 b may be configured in a similar manner.

In another embodiment, the electrosurgical systems 100 and 101 (e.g., either through the power splitter 150 or through multiple generators 120 a and 120 b) deliver microwave power to particular channels individually or any combination of one or more channels equally or unequally to facilitate selective activation of energy delivery to particular channels or combination of channels. For example, a user may select channels to which energy is delivered. In this scenario, if the second and third channels are selected, energy delivery may be divided equally (e.g., P/2) between the second and third channels and, thus, unequally between the first channel and the second and third channels since no energy is delivered to the first channel in this scenario. Further, in this scenario, energy may be delivered to individual channels according to selected time intervals by dynamically changing the channels to which energy is delivered. For example, energy may be delivered to the first channel at a time interval t1. At a subsequent time interval t2, energy is delivered to the first channel and the third channel. At a subsequent time interval t3, energy delivery to the first channel is stopped and energy delivery to the third channel continues. At a subsequent time interval t4, energy delivery to all channels is stopped.

In another embodiment, the microwave power divider 150 and/or the generators 120 a and 120 b may divide energy between the antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b to tailor the size and shape of ablation lesions. With this purpose in mind, generators 120, 120 a and 120 b may include a suitable storage device (not shown) integrated therein that is configured to store settings or data corresponding to particular ablation geometries (e.g., ablation images, antenna tip geometries, power division settings, power amplitude settings, etc.). Based on the stored settings or data, the generators 120 a and 120 b modify delivery of microwave power and/or the microwave power divider 150 modifies the division of microwave power between the channels to achieve the desired ablation geometry.

FIG. 3 shows an antenna assembly 300 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly 300 includes a feedline 302 that is coupled to one of the transmission lines 104 a and 104 b. The antenna assembly 300 includes a radiating section 304 including a dipole antenna 306. The antenna assembly 300 also includes a dielectric shield 308 disposed about a portion of the dipole antenna 306 along the entire length thereof. In one embodiment, the dielectric shield 308 may have a substantially half-cylindrical shape (e.g.,) 180°. In another embodiment, the dielectric shield 308 may be made to encompass any radial angle. The antenna assembly 300 also includes a tip 310 having a tapered portion terminating in a sharp tip to allow for insertion into tissue with minimal resistance. In those cases where the energy applicator is inserted into a pre-existing opening, the tip 310 may be rounded or flat.

The dielectric shield 308 and the tip 310 may be formed from a suitable polymeric material, which may include, for example, thermoplastics including reinforced or unreinforced polymers, e.g., polyamide (nylon) or polyaramid (e.g., KEVLAR® manufactured by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company of Wilmington, Del., United States), or any suitable polymeric composite, e.g., polymers filled with carbon particles, silica, conductive particles such as metal particles or conductive polymers, or combinations thereof.

The dielectric shield 308 forms an opening or electromagnetic “window” shown generally as “W” partially defined by the longitudinal edges of the dielectric shield 308. The dielectric material of the dielectric shield 308 limits the transmission of the microwave energy therethrough, which directs the microwave energy through the window “W.” This configuration allows for the antenna assembly to be used to generate non-spherical and directed ablation volumes. The antenna assembly 300 is a so-called “directional” antenna since the radiating section 304 is configured to emit microwave energy in a specific direction. Various embodiments of windowed microwave antenna assemblies are described in a commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 8,328,800 entitled “Directive Window Ablation Antenna With Dielectric Loading,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 4 shows a waveguide antenna assembly 400 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly 400 includes a feedline 402 that is coupled to one of the transmission lines 104 a and 104 b. The antenna assembly 400 includes a waveguide section 404 having a radiating cone 406 and a conical reflector 408 coupled to the inner and outer conductors of the feedline 402, respectively. The radiating cone 406 and the conical reflector 408 have a generally conical shape having a truncation at a proximal apex end and are dimensioned to couple to a distal end of the feedline 402, with the conical reflector disposed over the radiating cone 406. The antenna assembly 400 also includes a dielectric shield 414 disposed on the outer surface of the conical reflector 408 along the entire length thereof.

The antenna assembly 400 includes a membrane 405 that is disposed between the radiating cone 406 and the conical reflector 408, which define a chamber 410 therebetween having a corresponding conical shape. Membrane 405 may be formed of any suitable radiofrequency-transparent material of low electrical conductivity, e.g., material that enables efficient transmissivity of microwave ablation signals to tissue from the energy delivery system, including without limitation, the conical radiating structure herein described. Membrane 405 may be formed from a rigid material, or may be formed from flexible and/or elastomeric material. The antenna assembly 400 is a so-called “directional” antenna since the waveguide section 404 is configured to emit microwave energy in a specific direction.

The lumen 410 is filled with a dielectric material 412 which may be a dielectric fluid circulated therethrough or any type of suitable solid dielectric. The dielectric material 412 and the dielectric shield 414 may be formed from a suitable dielectric material similar to the material as the dielectric shield 308.

The antenna assembly 400 is configured for surface transmission of microwave energy. In use, the antenna assembly 400 is disposed on a surface of the tissue with the surface of the membrane 405 contacting the tissue. The microwave energy applied to the antenna assembly 400 is directed by the waveguide section 404 into the tissue through the surface thereof. Various embodiments of a conical microwave antenna assemblies are described in a commonly-owned U.S. Pat. No. 8,343,145 entitled “Microwave Surface Ablation Using Conical Probe,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

FIG. 5 shows an antenna assembly 500 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The antenna assembly 500 includes a feedline 502 that is coupled to one of the transmission lines 104 a and 104 b. The antenna assembly 500 includes a radiating section 504 including a dipole antenna 506. The antenna assembly 500 also includes a tip 508 having a tapered portion terminating in a sharp tip to allow for insertion into tissue with minimal resistance. In those cases where the energy applicator is inserted into a pre-existing opening, the tip 508 may be rounded or flat. The antenna assembly 500 is a so-called “non-directional” antenna since the radiating section 504 radiates microwave energy in all directions resulting in an ablation volume that is symmetrical about a longitudinal axis defined by the antenna assembly 500.

In one embodiment, the antenna assembly 500 may include a choke 510 and a sheath 512 enclosing the dipole antenna 506. The sheath 512 defines a chamber 514 that may be filled with a suitable dielectric material (e.g., liquid or solid loading). In use, the antenna assembly 500 is inserted into tissue and upon application of microwave energy generates substantially spherical ablation volumes based on the dielectric loading about the dipole antenna 506. Various embodiments of a choked dielectric loaded microwave antenna assemblies are described in a commonly-owned U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/023,031 entitled “Choked Dielectric Loaded Tip Dipole Microwave Antenna,” the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein.

FIGS. 6-8 illustrate various embodiments of using a plurality of antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b to ablate tissue. In particular, the present disclosure provides for systems and methods for performing microwave ablation with internal and external radiation sources simultaneously by connecting the antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b to a single generator 120 or each of the antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b to a corresponding generator 120 a and 120 b.

In use, the antenna assembly 500 is inserted into tissue and is placed directly through the center of a target tissue volume (e.g., tumor). Once energized, the antenna assembly 500 produces a symmetrical ablation volume (e.g., oval or sphere-shaped) about a longitudinal axis defined by the antenna assembly 500. In certain situations, a symmetrical ablation volume is not well suited for ablating a non-spherical tumor. More specifically, the antenna assembly 500 is not suited for ablating the entire tumor having an irregular shape without destroying a significant portion of healthy tissue. Utilizing additional antenna assemblies 500 is not efficient either, since overlapping of the symmetrical ablation volume may not closely approximate the tumor. In this situation, using directional microwave antennas (e.g., external antenna assemblies 400 or windowed antenna assemblies 300) in conjunction with non-directional antennas (e.g., the antenna assembly 500) provides for an optimal configuration of the ablation volume with respect to the tumor. In other words, combination of antenna assemblies 300, 400, 500 allows for generation of ablation volumes having highest conformation parameters for encompassing irregularly shaped tumors.

FIG. 6 illustrates the use of the antenna assembly 300 and the antenna assembly 500 to ablate a tumor “T” that is partially disposed at the surface of a tissue volume “V.” The antenna assembly 500 is inserted through a larger portion of the tumor “T,” such that an ablation volume 550 encompasses the larger portion of the tumor “T.” The antenna assembly 300 is disposed on the surface of the tissue volume “V” such that the window “W” is facing a portion of the tumor “T.” The antenna assembly 300 generates an ablation volume 350 just beyond the surface of the tissue volume “V.” The ablation volume 350 overlaps with the ablation volume 550, but also encompasses the portion of the tumor “T” that is outside of the ablation volume 550.

FIG. 7 illustrates the use of the antenna assembly 400 and the antenna assembly 500 to ablate the tumor “T” that is partially disposed at the surface of the tissue volume “V.” The antenna assembly 500 is inserted through a larger portion of the tumor “T,” such that an ablation volume 550 encompasses the larger portion of the tumor “T.” The antenna assembly 400 is disposed on the surface of the tissue volume “V” such that the waveguide section 404 is facing a portion of the tumor “T.” The antenna assembly 400 generates an ablation volume 450 just beyond the surface of the tissue volume “V.” The ablation volume 450 overlaps with the ablation volume 550, but also encompasses the portion of the tumor “T” that is outside of the ablation volume 550.

FIG. 8 illustrates the use of the antenna assembly 300 and the antenna assembly 500 to ablate a tumor “T” that is disposed within tissue volume “V.” The antenna assembly 500 is inserted through a larger portion of the tumor “T,” such that an ablation volume 550 encompasses the larger portion of the tumor “T.” The antenna assembly 300 is also inserted into the tissue volume “V” such that the window “W” is facing a portion of the tumor “T.” The antenna assembly 300 generates an ablation volume 350 that overlaps with the ablation volume 550, but also encompasses the portion of the tumor “T” that is outside of the ablation volume 550.

Collateral damage to healthy tissue is reduced by matching the shape of the tumor “T” to the ablation volumes 350, 450, 550 instead of creating a spherical volume large enough to cover the abnormally-shaped tumor “T.” In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, the antenna assemblies 300 and 500 may be positioned within the tissue volume “V” to avoid ablation of critical structures “S” (e.g., blood vessels). The directional radiation of antenna assemblies 300 and 400 supplement the non-directional radiation of the antenna assembly 500, allowing for the achievement of the desired ablation boundaries. In addition, internal antennas (e.g., antenna assemblies 300 and 500) may ablate deeper tissues, while the external antennas (e.g., antenna assemblies 300 and 400) may ablate surface tissues.

FIG. 9 illustrates a flow chart of a method according to the present disclosure. In step 600, the antenna assembly 130 a (e.g., antenna assembly 500) is inserted into the tissue volume “V.” In step 602, the antenna assembly 130 b (e.g., antenna assembly 300 or 400) is positioned or otherwise inserted into the tissue volume “V.” The antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b are positioned such that the ablation volumes conform to the volume of the tumor “T” while avoiding encompassing any of the critical structures “S.” In another embodiment, multiple antenna assemblies 103 and 130 b (e.g., two antenna assemblies 500 and a single antenna assembly 300) may be used to obtain various ablation volumes. Each of the antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b is coupled to a single generator 120 via the power divider 150 or to a corresponding generator 120 a and 120 b. In step 604, each of the antenna assemblies 130 a and 130 b is energized simultaneously to generate a combined ablation volume.

While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it is intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and that the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should not be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of particular embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto. 

1-6. (canceled)
 7. A method for providing energy to tissue, comprising: coupling a plurality of energy delivery devices including at least one non-directional energy delivery device and at least one directional energy delivery device to a power dividing device having an input adapted to connect to an energy source; inserting the at least one non-directional energy delivery device into the tissue; positioning the at least one directional energy device at a surface of the tissue; selectively dividing energy between the plurality of the energy delivery devices; and applying energy from the plurality of energy delivery devices to the tissue.
 8. A method according to claim 7, further comprising selectively dividing the energy equally between the plurality of energy delivery devices.
 9. A method according to claim 7, further comprising selectively dividing the energy unequally between the plurality of energy delivery devices.
 10. A method according to claim 7, wherein the at least one non-directional energy delivery device includes: a feedline including an inner conductor, an outer conductor and an inner insulator disposed therebetween; and a radiating section including a dipole antenna.
 11. A method according to claim 7, wherein the at least one directional energy delivery device includes: a feedline including an inner conductor, an outer conductor and an inner insulator disposed therebetween; and a waveguide section including a radiating cone and a conical reflector.
 12. A method according to claim 7, wherein the at least one directional energy delivery device includes: a feedline including an inner conductor, an outer conductor and an inner insulator disposed therebetween; a radiating section including a dipole antenna; and a dielectric shield disposed about a portion of the dipole antenna, the dielectric shield defining a window to expose the radiating section.
 13. A microwave ablation system, comprising: at least one energy source configured to generate microwave energy; a first energy delivery device coupled to the at least one energy source; and a second energy delivery device coupled to the at least one energy source and including: a feedline; a waveguide section coupled to the feedline and configured to deliver microwave energy to tissue, the waveguide section including a radiating cone and a conical reflector; and a membrane disposed between the radiating cone and the conical reflector and configured to contact tissue.
 14. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the feedline includes: an inner conductor having the radiating cone coupled thereto; an outer conductor having the conical reflector coupled thereto; and an insulator disposed between the inner and outer conductors.
 15. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the membrane defines a plane that is perpendicular to a longitudinal axis defined by the feedline.
 16. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the membrane is annular and planar.
 17. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the membrane covers a distally-oriented surface of the radiating cone and a distally-oriented surface of the conical reflector.
 18. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the membrane is disposed distally of the radiating cone and the conical reflector.
 19. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the waveguide section includes a dielectric shield disposed on an outer surface of the conical reflector.
 20. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the membrane is formed of a radiofrequency-transparent material.
 21. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the waveguide section includes a dielectric material disposed between the radiating cone and the conical reflector.
 22. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, further comprising a power divider coupling the at least one energy source to the first and second energy delivery devices.
 23. The microwave ablation system according to claim 22, wherein the power divider is configured to divide an input signal from the at least one energy source into at least two output signals.
 24. The microwave ablation system according to claim 13, wherein the first energy delivery device is configured to emit microwave energy in a plurality of directions to generate a non-directional ablation volume that is symmetrical about a longitudinal axis defined by the first energy delivery device, the second energy delivery device configured to emit microwave energy to generate a directional ablation volume that is non-spherical. 